English guide
Use commas, who, which, whose and relative adverbs in 20 original workplace questions, including full explanations and practical sentence combinations.
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What this guide covers
Compare the explanations and original examples.
Keep the sentence unchanged and justify one option.
Use the distinction in a new workplace sentence.
A non-defining relative clause adds information about something already identified. Removing it leaves the basic reference intact. Commas signal that supplementary role; they are not optional decoration around any phrase that sounds long.
Find what the relative word refers to and what job it performs inside the added clause. A subject, an object, a possessive expression and a location need different structures. The examples include things with whose and object relatives with who, so useful alternatives are not falsely ruled out.
These original exercises were prepared by English AIdol with AI assistance. A separate AI content review checked every question, answer explanation and teaching section. No human expert or examiner review, ETS endorsement, or calibrated difficulty is claimed. This page does not save answers or estimate an official score.
Part 5 asks you to complete sentences by choosing from four options. The full TOEIC Reading section has 100 questions and a 75-minute limit. This untimed topic lesson is not a complete or equated test. See ETS: About the TOEIC Listening and Reading Test and the ETS: TOEIC Listening & Reading Score User Guide.
Who refers to people; which refers to things and can refer back to a whole preceding situation. Whose introduces a possessive relationship and can refer to people or things.
Use commas around an inserted non-defining clause. Do not use that as its relative pronoun, and do not omit an object relative pronoun in this construction.
Where gives a location and when gives a time. They do not replace a missing subject or direct object merely because the antecedent names a place or date.
In a formal fronted-preposition pattern, use whom for people or which for things. A relative subject’s verb agrees with what it refers to. Do not add a second subject pronoun after a subject relative.
The prototype, ___ battery lasts twelve hours, will be displayed tomorrow.
whose
The gap marks ownership before the noun battery. Whose battery is the subject of lasts; which battery would ask or select a battery rather than link the clause to the prototype.
Choose the option that completes the printed sentence in standard written English. Keep every other word unchanged. Write your choice and a reason before opening the explanation.
Mara, ___ leads the accessibility review, will inspect the entrance.
(A) who
(B) which
(C) whose
(D) whom
Answer: (A) who
Completed sentence: Mara, who leads the accessibility review, will inspect the entrance.
The refrigerated cabinet, ___ was installed in May, is still under warranty.
(A) who
(B) where
(C) which
(D) whose
Answer: (C) which
Completed sentence: The refrigerated cabinet, which was installed in May, is still under warranty.
Elena, ___ design won the internal competition, will present the new logo.
(A) who
(B) whom
(C) who’s
(D) whose
Answer: (D) whose
Completed sentence: Elena, whose design won the internal competition, will present the new logo.
The archive building, ___ windows face the river, will reopen next month.
(A) which
(B) whose
(C) whom
(D) who
Answer: (B) whose
Completed sentence: The archive building, whose windows face the river, will reopen next month.
The training room, ___ we hold the weekly briefing, has a new projector.
(A) which
(B) where
(C) who
(D) whose
Answer: (B) where
Completed sentence: The training room, where we hold the weekly briefing, has a new projector.
The training room, ___ we repainted last week, has a new projector.
(A) that
(B) whose
(C) who
(D) which
Answer: (D) which
Completed sentence: The training room, which we repainted last week, has a new projector.
The revised handbook, ___ all new staff receive, includes a building map.
(A) that
(B) whom
(C) which
(D) whose
Answer: (C) which
Completed sentence: The revised handbook, which all new staff receive, includes a building map.
Dr Patel, to ___ the report was addressed, has requested a meeting.
(A) whom
(B) whose
(C) which
(D) that
Answer: (A) whom
Completed sentence: Dr Patel, to whom the report was addressed, has requested a meeting.
The revised policy, under ___ refunds are processed, takes effect today.
(A) that
(B) where
(C) whose
(D) which
Answer: (D) which
Completed sentence: The revised policy, under which refunds are processed, takes effect today.
The supplier delivered two days early, ___ allowed us to finish the display ahead of schedule.
(A) who
(B) which
(C) whose
(D) where
Answer: (B) which
Completed sentence: The supplier delivered two days early, which allowed us to finish the display ahead of schedule.
The sample bottles, which ___ clearly labelled, are stored separately.
(A) are
(B) is
(C) has
(D) be
Answer: (A) are
Completed sentence: The sample bottles, which are clearly labelled, are stored separately.
The spare battery, which ___ been fully charged, is in the drawer.
(A) have
(B) is
(C) has
(D) being
Answer: (C) has
Completed sentence: The spare battery, which has been fully charged, is in the drawer.
The opening ceremony is on 4 October, ___ the company will also announce its scholarship winners.
(A) which
(B) whose
(C) when
(D) who
Answer: (C) when
Completed sentence: The opening ceremony is on 4 October, when the company will also announce its scholarship winners.
The north staircase, ___ is currently closed for repairs, is beside the lift.
(A) which
(B) that
(C) where
(D) whom
Answer: (A) which
Completed sentence: The north staircase, which is currently closed for repairs, is beside the lift.
Jonas, ___ colleagues nominated him for the service award, thanked the whole team.
(A) who
(B) whose
(C) whom
(D) who’s
Answer: (B) whose
Completed sentence: Jonas, whose colleagues nominated him for the service award, thanked the whole team.
The auditorium, in ___ the orientation will take place, seats 180 people.
(A) where
(B) that
(C) whose
(D) which
Answer: (D) which
Completed sentence: The auditorium, in which the orientation will take place, seats 180 people.
The event was moved indoors, ___ surprised the outdoor catering team.
(A) whose
(B) which
(C) where
(D) whom
Answer: (B) which
Completed sentence: The event was moved indoors, which surprised the outdoor catering team.
The workshop leaders, who ___ from three regional offices, will arrive tonight.
(A) comes
(B) coming
(C) has come
(D) come
Answer: (D) come
Completed sentence: The workshop leaders, who come from three regional offices, will arrive tonight.
Our new accountant, ___ I met at the induction, previously worked in manufacturing.
(A) which
(B) whose
(C) who
(D) where
Answer: (C) who
Completed sentence: Our new accountant, who I met at the induction, previously worked in manufacturing.
The replacement filter, which ___, will be fitted tomorrow.
(A) we ordered last week
(B) we ordered it last week
(C) did we order last week
(D) ordered we last week
Answer: (A) we ordered last week
Completed sentence: The replacement filter, which we ordered last week, will be fitted tomorrow.
Explain the distinction in your own words, then try these tasks without copying a practice sentence. The answers illustrate possible responses; alternatives may work where the task allows them.
Combine: “The sensor is under warranty. It failed during testing.” Add the failure as supplementary information.
The sensor, which failed during testing, is under warranty.
Which is the relative subject, and two commas enclose the inserted information.
Explain the difference between “the branches that close early” and “the branches, which close early”.
The first selects the early-closing branches; the second adds early closing as information about the already identified branches.
Removing or adding commas can change which group the reader understands.
Correct: “The technician, which I called, will arrive soon.”
The technician, who I called, will arrive soon. Whom is also possible.
A personal object relative is needed; do not incorrectly insist that object who is impossible.
Sources checked on . The examples, questions and explanations are original teaching material, not official or recalled test items. This correction replaces the earlier lesson’s inappropriate IELTS-style scoring. An answer count on these exercises does not convert to an official TOEIC score.
Continue with the TOEIC study page. For a factual correction, see our editorial policy.
Yes. It can express possession for things as well as people, as in a machine whose motor has failed.
An object relative may be omitted in many defining clauses, but it is retained in a non-defining relative clause. The commas and intended reference matter.
No. Use where for a location role. If the gap is the subject or object of the relative verb, which may be needed instead: the room, which we cleaned.
No. These original, untimed teaching questions have not been equated to an ETS form. Use them to explain and practise a language pattern, not to calculate an official score.